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A Distribution switch is a network switch positioned in the Distribution Layer of a hierarchical network model, where it serves as an intermediate layer between the Core Layer and the Access Layer. The distribution switch aggregates traffic from multiple access switches and enforces network policies, such as routing, security, and Quality of Service (QoS). It plays a critical role in controlling and managing traffic flow across subnets within the network.
Distribution switches gather and aggregate data from access layer switches, allowing multiple access points or subnetworks to be combined efficiently.
This layer is where security policies, access control lists (ACLs), and QoS policies are applied. These policies help regulate which devices and data packets can access certain parts of the network, improving overall security & performance.
Distribution switches often handle Layer 3 (routing) functions to route traffic between VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) or subnets within a network. This allows communication between different segments without overloading the Core layer.
To ensure high availability, distribution switches provide redundancy and load balancing, preventing network failures by redistributing traffic paths in case of a switch or link failure.
Distribution switches are designed to handle a high volume of connections and data, so they need substantial processing power and port density to maintain network performance as the network grows.
Distribution switches are typically robust devices, often with Layer 3 (routing) capabilities, such as Cisco Catalyst 3000/4000 Series, Juniper EX Series, or Arista Networks 7000 Series. These devices are designed for handling complex traffic management and offer features that allow for better network segmentation, security, and traffic management at scale.
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